Abstract

This paper shows the results of a research activity aimed at assessing the advantages of an ideal adaptive building skin over conventional building envelope systems.

The basic idea underlying the research consists in imagining an ideal building envelope system characterised by the capability of continuously changing (within a certain range) some of its thermo-physical and optical properties. The reason for the continuous tuning of thermo-physical and optical properties lies in the assumption that an optimised (fixed) configuration, where the properties do not change over time, is not able to minimise the total energy demand of the building at each moment.

For the sake of this purpose, an ideal dynamic WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio) building envelope system for low energy office buildings was modelled and simulated. An integrated, commercial thermal-lighting building simulation tool (EnergyPlus) was used to perform the calculation. The energy performance of such a system was then analysed and compared against the performance of a conventional façade realised with best-available technologies.

The results of the investigation demonstrated the advantages of a dynamic WWR configuration over a static one. However, the improvements achieved in energy demand were lower than expected. This behaviour is strictly related to the configuration of the building used as a reference, which already showed a very high energy performance.

Limitations presented by the research method are also briefly pointed out and discussed.


Buildings are responsible for 38 % of energy use in Norway, about 64 % of which is heating energy. Lacking of architectural design at the early design stage has adverse consequences on the climate and environmental efficiency of buildings, which is a burden for reducing the energy consumption of buildings.

This research uses Ådland project as a case study in order to investigate how the building morphology which is one aspect of the architectural quality will impact the heating demand of buildings. The research is based on the design which is ongoing in the Research Centre of Zero Emission Buildings (ZWB).

The objective of this research paper is to provide designers with general guidelines at the early design stage for selecting the most energy-efficient building morphologies from the perspective of the heating demand of buildings.


Search our website

Sort publications by:

Ascending order

Filter Publications: