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Retrofitting a brick wall using vacuum insulation panels: measured hygrothermal effect on the existing structure
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Large scale measurements and calculations of wall elements with vacuum insulation panels (VIPs)
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Nano insulation materials: synthesis and life cycle assessment
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Thermal superinsulation for building applications – From concepts to experimental investigations
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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The first phase of a Zero Emission Concept for an Office Building in Norway
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Between standardisation and flexibility. Norwegian controversies around sustainable building certification
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
We are currently witnessing in the Norwegian building sector (and elsewhere) the transition from isolated and heterogeneous sustainable building projects carried out in protected niches (e.g pilot projects) to more sustainable buildings becoming mainstream. According to scholars studying sustainable transitions this is the moment in which a dominant design catches on, replacing and displacing other more or less sustainable alternatives. Within this process, in the Norwegian case, the principles behind the passive house play a salient role. In fact, only recently a government white paper has called for "passive house levels" to become part of the building code by 2015.…
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Environmental perspective on two glazing typologies
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Stricter energy regulations for energy use in buildings require new construction to be equipped with increasingly thicker insulation layers and minimal surfaces for glazing in cold climates. In recent years a new type of window has been proposed as a way to overcome the notoriously low thermal performance of transparent surfaces. In order to reach such performances, this glazing type has been equipped with monolithic aerogel as the glass-pane filling. The scope of this study is a comprehensive analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from the partial substitution of typical triple-glazing-with-argon units with double-glazing-with-monolithic-aerogel units in residential building upgrades. A social…
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Greenhouse gas analysis of insulation options in residential energy retrofitting
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
In the pursuit of stricter energy standards for buildings to reduce their share of energy use, the use of highly efficient insulation materials like aerogel and vacuum insulation has opened a path towards lighter construction in energy retrofitting, whereas commercially available materials, such as EPS and mineral wool, result in massive wall solutions. However, these new materials are notoriously energy intensive in production, resulting in high levels of embodied energy and emissions. This work describes a comprehensive greenhouse gas analysis of the use of different insulation materials applied to residential building upgrades to passive house standard. It estimates the potential…
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Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Low-Energy and Passive House Apartments in the Løvåshagen Cooperative - Occupant Behavior and Satisfaction
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Experience with low-energy and passive house buildings forms the basis for the further development of zero-emission buildings. A post-occupancy evaluation of the Løvåshagen cooperative is therefore conducted by means of user surveys and measurement of indoor climate parameters, energy use and window opening time. The goal of the post-occupancy evaluation is to obtain information about how occupants use and experience low-energy and passive house dwellings, especially with regard to heating and ventilation. In addition, the impact of user behavior on the indoor climate and energy use will be assessed. In this paper, the results of the user survey regarding user…
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Powerhouse Kjørbo: a plus-energy renovation office building project in Norway
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The main definition of a Powerhouse is a building that shall produce at least the same amount of energy from on-site renewables as the energy used during construction, manufacturering of materials, renovation, demolition and operation exclusive energy used during manufacturering of equipment such as PCs, coffee machines etc. In addition the exported energy shall in average not have less quality than the imported energy. This implies that produced and exported electricity can offset corresponding amount of imported energy for both electricity and thermal purposes, while produced and exported thermal energy cannot offset imported electricity. The building shall also as a…
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A Norwegian Zero Emission Building Definition
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The aim of the Norwegian research centre on Zero Emission Buildings(ZEB) is to develop competetive products and solutions of buildings with zero emission of greenhouse gases related to their production, operation and demolition. However, to develope solutions and concepts for zero emission buildings it is first necessarry to develop a sound definition of ZEB (for single buildings, and also cluster of buildings). During the first 3 years of the centres running, significant work have been done to adress different issues related to the ZEB-definition, among them defining CO2 factors for various energy wares. Work done in the International Energy Agency…
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Investigation of the Air-Heating Concept for Norwegian Passive Houses
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The German definition of the passive house standard is strongly related to the air-heating (AH) concept, while this concept is not explicitly connected with the Norwegian definition (NS 3700 standard). As AH presents an opportunity for space-heating (SH) simplification, the AH potential is here investigated in the Norwegian context. The questions of the required AH temperatures, of the temperature distribution between rooms and the influence of losses from ventilation ducts are investigated using detailed dynamic simulations (here using TRNSYS). This is done using a typical detached house typology, both considering different building construction materials as well as different climate zones…
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Investigation of prototype membrane based energy exchanger
Publication Year:
2012
Publication Year:
2012
In order to minimize the energy use for heating, passive houses for residential use are constructed using heavy insulation. In addition, they have minimal air leakages and no vents in exterior walls for direct supply of fresh air, and thus, mechanical ventilation systems are a mandatory requirement in such buildings. With the aim of reducing energy use, efficient energy recovery from used air will be of high importance. In residential buildings with several living units, centralized air handling units are regarded as the most energy efficient system. However, to prevent odours to transfer between apartments it is important to avoid…
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Hollow Silica Nanospheres as a Superinsulating Material
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
A simple, mild, and effective template approach has been used to produce hollow silica nanospheres with controlled sizes ranging from 40 to 150 nanometers. The obtained powders showed systematic variations in measured thermal conductivity, with values down to 0.024 W/(mK) so far, with en expressed goal to reach below 0.020 W/(mK). Surface hydrophobization was successfully performed. Thus, hollow silica nanospheres are considered to be promising building blocks for new hydrophobic, superinsulating materials.
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A net zero emission concept analysis of a Norwegian single family house – A CO2 accounting method
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
In order to reach the goal of a zero emission building (ZEB), CO2 emission data has to be made available and verified for traditional building materials, new ‘state-of-the-art’ building materials and the active elements used to produce renewable energy. However, an initial literature review found that although there are databases of embodied carbon values for most building materials, the range in results for some materials are varied and inconsistent. This paper follows on from previous work on the development of a transparent and robust method to calculate CO2eq emissions of the materials used in the concept analysis of the ZEB…
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Towards LCA of building automation and control system in zero emission buildings – measurements of auxiliary energy to operate a KNX BUS-system
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The demands for both thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption in buildings have become a major driving force for the increased use of advanced building automation and control systems (BACS). In the on-going development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), it seems to be a common understanding that such systems are needed in order to save energy and reach the zero emission goals, and that energy consumption for their operation is negligible compared to the building needs and the energy saving potential BACS causes. However, sensors and actuators in automation and control systems require electricity to operate, and both the environmental…
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Experimental Pathways for Achieving Superinsulation through Nano Insulation Materials
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Analysis of the air heating in Norwegian passive houses using detailed dynamic simulations
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The passive house (PH) standard is seen as the future minimal requirement for buildings in Norway, where a specific definition has been developed (NS 3700). Nevertheless, the relation between this standard and air heating (AH) is not clear while both concepts are often associated. The present contribution investigates challenges for AH in terms of thermal dynamics (e.g. temperature distribution and control) as well as the feasibility of the AH concept. This is done using detailed dynamic simulations on a typical detached house typology. Results show some limitations of the AH concept in Nordic countries, as well as provide guidelines for…
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Improving the interaction between Net-ZEB and the grid using advanced control of heat pumps
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Design principles in Net-ZEB considers the local energy infrastructure as virtual storage leading to large amount of energy exchange with the grid. Nonetheless, with high Net-ZEB penetration scenarios, such exchange could compromise the effectiveness of Net- ZEB concept in a total energy infrastructure. As the current market trends, heat pumps along with photovoltaics are seen as an emerging energy supply solutions in Net-ZEB buildings, effectiveness of an all-electric Net-ZEB (that is using air-to-water heat pump with photovoltaic) is analysed. Two concrete control cases of energy storage (compared to reference case) to assess Net-ZEB ability to self-consume vs. grid empowerment are…
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Tungsten Bronse Nanorods for Electrochromic Smart Window Applications
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Single-crystalline sodium tungsten bronze (Na-WO3) nanorods with typical diameters of 10–200 nm and lengths of several of microns were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray diffraction data showed that the as-prepared Na-WO3 nanorods crystallize in a hexagonal structure (space group P6 / mmm) with unit cell parameters a = 7.3166(8) Å and c = 3.8990(8) Å, and elongate along the <001> direction. The Na-WO3 nanorods had a mean chemical composition of Na0.18WO3.09·0.5H2O. The Na-WO3 nanorods exhibited a typical cathodic coloration related to proton insertion, indicating their potentials in electrochromic smart window applications.
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Towards LCA building automation and control systems in zero emission buildings - Measuremets of auxiliary energy to operate a KNX bus-system
Authors:
Publication Year:
2013
Authors:
Publication Year:
2013
The demands for both thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption in buildings have become a major driving force for the increased use of advanced building automation and control systems (BACS). In the on-going development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), it seems to be a common understanding that such systems are needed in order to save energy and reach the zero emission goals, and that energy consumption for their operation is negligible compared to the building needs and the energy saving potential BACS causes. However, sensors and actuators in automation and control systems require electricity to operate, and both the environmental…
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Partnering for the development of an energy-positive buildings. Case study of Powerhouse #1
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Publication Year:
2013
Authors:
Publication Year:
2013
Powerhouse #1 is planned to become the first and northernmost energy-positive office building. An alliance of companies within the Norwegian construction industry has been established to reach this ambition. Partnering has been suggested as a means to improve performance in general within the construction industry. Studies reveal that the industry is yet to yield the positive effects that have occurred in other industries. Strategic alliances such as Powerhouse are an exception within Norwegian construction industry. The paper analyses the case of Powerhouse #1 regarding collaborative working and experienced effects to the energy performance of the project. The material consists of…
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Energy Supply Solution for Low-Energy Commercial Buildings in Cold Climates
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The aim of the study was to define an energy supply solutions for a low-energy commercial building in cold climates. A new low-energy office building built with high quality building insulation better than the Norwegian passive building standard was analyzed by using EnergyPlus. The results showed that the heat pump solutions could be used to cover the building base load, while the peak load should be covered by additional energy sources. Due to a high indoor temperature caused by the high quality building insulation standard, an increase in ventilation air flow was necessary during the summer. To fully utilize the…
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Measurements and Simulations of Airborne Moisture Transport in Bathrooms
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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FM towards zero emission buildings: Learning and professional development among energy operators of large buildings
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Drawing on theories from studies of Facilities Management (FM) and social studies of science and technology as well as explorative qualitative research methods the purpose of this paper is to examine energy operations of large, existing buildings and how knowledge development and knowledge transfers may provide lessons for how FM of existing buildings may contribute to transition towards zero emission buildings. In this energy operation of existing buildings is described as an important measure towards sustainability. The relevant actors explored for this study are related to large non-residential buildings (university), and different types of large housing facilities (health rehabilitation and…
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Energy performance assessment of an advanced responsive multifunctional facade module: first results of an experimental campaign
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
Responsive Building Elements (RBEs) are technologies for the exploiting at the building scale renewable energy sources and the opportunities offered by the environment. Among the RBE concepts identified by the IEA-ECBCS Annex 44, Advanced Integrated Façades (AIFs) is probably one of the most promising technologies. Important players in the field of the façade have started to develop integrated modular façade systems (Multifunctional Façade Modules - MFMs), with a dynamic behaviour and interacting with the other building services, in order to reduce the building energy consumption and maximize the indoor comfort conditions. In the frame of a research activity aimed at…
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Marinlyst school – Comparison of simulated and measured energy use in a passive house school
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Performance evaluation of a combined solar-thermal and heat pump technology in a Net-ZEB under stochastic user-loads
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Innovative High Performance Thermal Building Insulation Materials - Today's State-of-the-Art and Beyond Tomorrow
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Retrofitting Timber Frame Walls with Vacuum Insulation Panels
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Heat and Mass Transfer in Quasi-Counter Flow Membrane-Based Total Heat Exchanger, Membrane Study
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
Realisation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) for residential use depends on, among many other things, minimizing air leakages. However, very airtight houses will have an increased risk for problems regarding indoor humidity, thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Focusing on ventilation systems becomes a requirement in this situation. For cold climates, mechanical ventilation systems are the state of the art solution and in order to achieve a further reduction in energy use, the focus must be on efficient energy recovery. This paper focuses on a quasi-counter flow membrane-based heat and moisture recovery system for cold climates such as the…
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From Passive House to Zero Emission Buildings from an Emission-Accounting Perspective
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Moving away from the annual energy budget and including the emissions of the entire building lifetime during construction, operation, and disposal is a key aspect of ZEB. This can be summarised in an emission inventory of operation and building components and services. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emission balance of both operational and the embodied energy in different highly energy efficient buildings concepts which are worth considering toward achieving Zero emission buildings. In this work four concepts for energy efficient buildings are identified which could provide stepping stones towards a definition of ZEB. These concepts were…
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Possibilites for characterization of a pcm window system large scale measurements
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
The introduction of dynamic envelope components and systems can have a significant reduction effect on heating and cooling demands. In addition, it can contribute to reduce the energy demand for artificial lighting by better utilization of the daylight. One of these promising technologies is Phase Change Materials (PCM). Here, the latent heat storage potential of the transition between solid and liquid state of a material is exploited to increase the thermal mass of the component. A PCM layer incorporated in a transparent component can increase the possibilities to harvest energy from solar radiation by reducing the heating/cooling demand and still…
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Sammenligning av klimagass-utslipp med naturlig- og balansert ventilasjon
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Dagens byggeforskrifter krever mye ekstra dokumentasjon om en ikke skal ha balansert ventilasjon, og dette legger i praksis sterke føringer for valg av ventilasjonsløsning. Imidlertid er klimagassutslipp med ulike ventilasjons-konsept i liten grad undersøkt.
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The Skarpnes resisdential development
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The zero-energy project Skarpnes residential development in Arendal in Norway consists of a total of 40 dwelling units. The energy goal of the buildings is net zero-energy on a yearly level. In addition, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) related to the operational energy of the buildings shall also be zero on an annual basis. There is also an aim achieving low embodied energy and GHG emissions related to the buildings materials and products. The thermal demand of the buildings will be covered by heat pumps and thermal solar collectors. To reach the zero energy/emission goal, the roofs are partly covered…
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Energy Desing of Sandwich Masonry Blocks
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
Sandwich elements are widely used in the building envelope, in walls and foundations in particular. The thickness of sandwich elements is increasing as the demand for reduced heat loss from the building envelope is required. The building industry is searching for means and alternative materials to reduce the volume of the building envelope, but at the same time obtain the same thermal performance. Sandwich element constructions might be suitable for highly effective insulation materials as VIPs (Vacuum Insulation Panels). The possibilities of optimizing the thermal performance and by the same time decreasing the thickness and reducing the volume of aggregated…
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Performance of 8 Cold-Climate Envelopes for Passive Houses
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
While the design and construction of envelopes for Passive House certified homes in central European climates is well developed and has achieved widespread acceptance and reliability, the same cannot be said in colder climate regions such as the United States’ upper Midwest (DOE climate zones 6 and 7) and Scandinavia. The objective of this research was to study some of the typical building performance issues relating to Passive House envelope construction for single family homes in cold climates by testing and developing a group of 8 envelope options. Typical issues include unfamiliarity with performance of thermal bridge details, added embodied…
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Design of a Zero Energy Office Building at Haakonsvern
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
An office building of about 2000 m2 heated floor area is being designed for the Norwegian Defense Estates Agency (Forsvarsbygg). The building will be located at Haakonsvern, about 15 km from the centre of Bergen, Norway. The design aims at meeting the ZEB criterion of net zero energy balance for building operation during a year. The energy for operation of the plug loads (computers, printers, etc.) is not included in the balance.
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Powerhouse One: the first plus-energy commercial building in Norway
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
“Powerhouse” is an alliance that will demonstrate that it is possible to build plus-energy buildings in cold climates, such as in Norway. For the Powerhouse project in Trondheim (Brattørkaia 17a), PV panels will produce and offset the delivered energy needed during the operation and for compensating the embodied energy of the building. The building will thus export more electricity than it will use for operation. In a broader environmental perspective, an aim of this project is also to achieve the classification “Outstanding” in the BREEAM-NOR environmental certification scheme. Energy efficiency measures and materials with low embodied energy have been crucial…
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Experimental Assessment of the Energy Performance of an Advanced Responsive Multifunctional Facade Module
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Publication Year:
2012
Authors:
Publication Year:
2012
Responsive Building Elements (RBEs) and energy storage within the building are considered as a crucial development towards the nearly Zero Energy/Emission Building target. The exploitation at the building scale of renewable energy sources and the opportunities offered by the environment is achieved by the ability of the RBEs to dynamically adapt to changing environmental conditions. Among these concepts, Advanced Integrated Façades (AIFs) are probably one the most promising technologies, due to the important role that the building envelope plays in controlling the energy and mass flows between the building and the outdoor environment. In the framework of a decade-long research…
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Criteria for Definition of Net Zero Energy Buildings
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Publication Year:
2010
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Publication Year:
2010
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Effect of Ageing on Service Life of Vacuum Insulation Panels
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Publication Year:
2010
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Publication Year:
2010
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Experimental Examination of the Thermal Transmittance of High Performance Window Frames and Comparison with Numerical Simulations
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Publication Year:
2010
Authors:
Publication Year:
2010
While window frames typically represent 20%"30% of the overall window area, their impact on the total window heat transfer rates may be much larger. This effect is even greater in low-conductance (highly insulating) windows that incorporate very low conductance glazings. Developing low-conductance window frames requires accurate simulation tools for product research and development. The Passivhaus Institute in Germany states that windows (glazing and frames, combined) should have U-factors not exceeding 0.80 W/(m² K). This has created a niche market for highly insulating frames, with frame U-factors typically around 0.7-1.0 W/ (m² K). The U-factors reported are often based on numerical…
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Cool roofing in cold climates: A contradiction or a potential for energy savings?
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Towards new configurations of work, life and energy? The role of the longue durée
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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The Role of Product and System Interfaces in Designing Zero Emission Buildings
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Energy savings potential with electrochromic switchable glazing
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Solar Shading Systems and Thermal Performance of Windows in Nordic Climates
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Nanomaterials for advanced window technologies
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Façade Integration Typologies of Photovoltaics. Architecture and sustainable development.
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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